The effect of gibberelic acid (GA3) and ethanol on the postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera cut flowers was investigated. Freshly cut flower stems of gerbera cultivar ‘Good timing’, were put in vases containing zero, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 300 mgL-1 GA3 for 48 hr and then held in vases containing 2.5 percent ethanol and three percent sucrose in two methods. In the first method, the vase solutions were not replaced but in the second method, the vase solutions replaced and refreshed when solution uptake was measured. The vase was placed in chambers at 25 oC and relative humidity about 70 percent with 14 hr photoperiod that was maintained using fluorescent lamps (light intensity of 15 μmolm-2s-1). Data were recorded for vase life, fresh weight, solution uptake, membrane stability, total soluble solid over time and analyzed statistically. Results revealed that GA3 with 50 mgL-1 was the most effective treatments for vase life, fresh weight, solution uptake, membrane stability and total soluble solid of gerbera cut flowers. Also results show that application of ethanol in second method (refreshing) was better than application in the first method as constant vase solution.

Laboratory trials were carried out to investigate the effect of benzyladenine (BA) on the postharvest quality and vase life of gerbera cut-flowers. Freshly cut flower stems of gerbera cultivar ‘Good Timing’, with four outer disc florets open were put in flower vases containing 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 150 mgl -1 of BA for 48 h and then held in flower vases containing 2.5% ethanol and 3% sucrose for 2 methods. The vase was placed in chambers at 25°C and relative humidity about 70%. The treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Data were recorded for vase life, fresh weight, solution uptake, membrane stability, total soluble solid over time and analyzed statistically. Results revealed that BA with 50 mg L-1 was the most effective treatments on vase life, fresh weight, solution uptake, membrane stability and total soluble solid of gerbera cut flowers.

Within the recent era, interreligious comparative research studies have been conducted mostly by the Shi’ ites with the purpose of critical analysis of Sunni and Shi’ ite perspectives. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the 26th verse of Surah an-Nur, about which there are different views by Sunni and Shi’ ite commentators, as well as exegetical narratives by Ahl al-Bayt, companions and followers of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). On the one hand, the ideas of Sahabah and followers of the Prophet, and on the other hand, the narratives of Ahl al-Bayt are reported in this article. Afterwards, Shi’ ite and Sunni commentators’ views are compared. The results of this comparative analysis showed that the Sunni and Shi’ ite interpreters have represented two different perceptions in this regard: Most of Sunni commentators hold that the term “ Khabithat” refers to “ evil words” whereas most of Shi’ ite commentators believe that means “ impious Women” . There were some drawbacks in the interoperation of both denominations, and after discussion, the Shi’ ite perceptions revealed to be more authentic. Furthermore, it was attempted to represent another interpretation which is more compatible with the Qur’ anic approach.

One of the most important Quranic discussions is to find the essential and spiritual proportions among the expressions of each verse from the Holy Quran. Some people have denied such a proportion in the case of the third verse of An-Nisaa “marry of the Women, who seem Good to you”; thereby, they have raised the doubt of distortion on deficiency. In other words: since they have not been able to find out spiritual order and bond among the expressions of this verse, they have found no choice except claiming that distortion has been occurred here. In this paper, this skepticism has been answered based on Quranic commentaries and Islamic resources and finally, the divine Hekmat as well as spiritual and logical coherence and proportion in the mentioned verse have been approved.

Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and divorce between 178 divorced Women and 222 Women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain divorce. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for Women with emotional divorce and chain sampling was used for divorced Women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced Women and 70.6% of Women with emotional divorce is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of divorced Women and 39.8% of Women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of Women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of divorce. Accordingly, Women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced Women.